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Como o PHP usa funções em C para operações relacionadas ao sistema de arquivos, ele pode lidar com bytes nulos de maneira inexperada. Como bytes nules denotam fim de string em C, strings contendo eles não serão consideradas por inteiro, mas apenas até que um byte nulo ocorra. O seguinte exemplo mostra um código vulnerável que demonstra esse problema:
Exemplo #1 Script vulnerável à bytes nulos
<?php
$file = $_GET['file']; // "../../etc/passwd\0"
if (file_exists('/home/wwwrun/'.$file.'.php')) {
// file_exists will return true as the file /home/wwwrun/../../etc/passwd exists
include '/home/wwwrun/'.$file.'.php';
// the file /etc/passwd will be included
}
?>
Portanto, qualquer string comprometida que é usada em uma operação de sistema de arquivos deve sempre ser validada corretamente. Aqui está uma versão melhorada do exemplo anterior:
Exemplo #2 Validando entrada corretamente
<?php
$file = $_GET['file'];
// Whitelisting possible values
switch ($file) {
case 'main':
case 'foo':
case 'bar':
include '/home/wwwrun/include/'.$file.'.php';
break;
default:
include '/home/wwwrun/include/main.php';
}
?>
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