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PHP 5 fornece uma maneira de definir objetos para que seja possível iterar por uma lista de items, como, por exemplo, uma instrução foreach . Por padrão, todas as propriedades visíveis serão usadas para a iteração.
Exemplo #1 Simple Object Iteration
<?php
class MyClass
{
public $var1 = 'value 1';
public $var2 = 'value 2';
public $var3 = 'value 3';
protected $protected = 'protected var';
private $private = 'private var';
function iterateVisible() {
echo "MyClass::iterateVisible:\n";
foreach($this as $key => $value) {
print "$key => $value\n";
}
}
}
$class = new MyClass();
foreach($class as $key => $value) {
print "$key => $value\n";
}
echo "\n";
$class->iterateVisible();
?>
O exemplo acima irá imprimir:
var1 => value 1 var2 => value 2 var3 => value 3 MyClass::iterateVisible: var1 => value 1 var2 => value 2 var3 => value 3 protected => protected var private => private var
Como a saída mostra, o foreach iteragiu por cada uma das variáveis visíveis que podem ser acessadas. Indo um pouco mais longe, você pode implementar uma das interfaces internas do PHP5 chamada Iterator. Isso permite que o objeto decida o que e como o objeto será iterado.
Exemplo #2 Iteração de Objeto implmentando Iterator
<?php
class MyIterator implements Iterator
{
private $var = array();
public function __construct($array)
{
if (is_array($array) ) {
$this->var = $array;
}
}
public function rewind() {
echo "rewinding\n";
reset($this->var);
}
public function current() {
$var = current($this->var);
echo "current: $var\n";
return $var;
}
public function key() {
$var = key($this->var);
echo "key: $var\n";
return $var;
}
public function next() {
$var = next($this->var);
echo "next: $var\n";
return $var;
}
public function valid() {
$var = $this->current() !== false;
echo "valid: {$var}\n";
return $var;
}
}
$values = array(1,2,3);
$it = new MyIterator($values);
foreach ($it as $a => $b) {
print "$a: $b\n";
}
?>
O exemplo acima irá imprimir:
rewinding current: 1 valid: 1 current: 1 key: 0 0: 1 next: 2 current: 2 valid: 1 current: 2 key: 1 1: 2 next: 3 current: 3 valid: 1 current: 3 key: 2 2: 3 next: current: valid:
Você também pode definir sua classe para que ela não tenha que definir todas as funções do Iterator simplesmente implementando a interface IteratorAggregate do PHP 5.
Exemplo #3 Iteração de Objeto implementado IteratorAggregate
<?php
class MyCollection implements IteratorAggregate {
private $items = array();
private $count = 0;
/* Definição requirida da interface IteratorAggregate */
public function getIterator() {
return new MyIterator($this->items);
}
public function add($value) {
$this->items[$this->count++] = $value;
}
}
$coll = new MyCollection();
$coll->add('value 1');
$coll->add('value 2');
$coll->add('value 3');
foreach ($coll as $key => $val) {
echo "key/value: [$key -> $val]\n\n";
}
?>
O exemplo acima irá imprimir:
rewinding current: value 1 valid: 1 current: value 1 key: 0 key/value: [0 -> value 1] next: value 2 current: value 2 valid: 1 current: value 2 key: 1 key/value: [1 -> value 2] next: value 3 current: value 3 valid: 1 current: value 3 key: 2 key/value: [2 -> value 3] next: current: valid:
Nota: Para mais exemplos de iteração, veja a Extensão SPL.
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